Romanian Citizenship: Your Step-by-Step Guide

Nov 17, 2025 by Alex Braham 46 views

Hey there, future Romanian citizen! Thinking about getting Romanian citizenship? Awesome! It's a fantastic decision that opens doors to a whole world of opportunities. But let's be real, navigating the process can feel a bit like trying to find your way through a maze. Don't worry, though; I'm here to be your friendly guide. This in-depth guide is designed to break down how to apply for Romanian citizenship, step by step, making it as clear and straightforward as possible. We'll cover everything from eligibility requirements to the necessary documents, the application process, and even some helpful tips to ensure a smooth journey. So, grab a coffee (or a palinka, if you're feeling adventurous), and let's dive in! This comprehensive article aims to provide a clear and concise understanding of the Romanian citizenship application process, ensuring that you are well-prepared every step of the way. Understanding the requirements and procedures is critical, and we will break everything down into manageable chunks. The first thing you need to know is the legal framework behind it all. Romanian citizenship is primarily governed by Law No. 21/1991, as amended, along with the relevant provisions of the Romanian Civil Code. This law establishes the various ways a person can become a Romanian citizen. But you don't need to memorize the law to get citizenship! This article explains everything in simple terms.

Before you start, it's essential to understand the different pathways to obtaining Romanian citizenship. These include citizenship by descent (for those with Romanian ancestry), citizenship by naturalization (for those who meet specific residency and other requirements), and citizenship by investment (which is less common). The most common routes are by descent and naturalization. Knowing which path applies to you is the first major step. Let's delve into these options.

Eligibility Requirements for Romanian Citizenship

Citizenship by Descent: The Family Connection

If you have Romanian ancestry, you might be eligible for citizenship by descent, which is often the easiest path. This usually means that one of your ancestors (parents, grandparents, or even great-grandparents) was a Romanian citizen. The key here is to prove that familial link. The Romanian government usually requires you to provide documents such as birth certificates, marriage certificates, and any other official documents that show the lineage. The documents must clearly establish the connection between you and your Romanian ancestor. Applying for Romanian citizenship through this method is a well-trodden path. The specific requirements can vary based on the degree of your relationship to the Romanian ancestor and the details of your family's history. Generally, you need to prove that your ancestor was a Romanian citizen (or a citizen of a territory that was once part of Romania) and that they did not renounce their citizenship.

There may be instances where a Romanian ancestor lost their citizenship, which can complicate the process, and may involve a review of specific details. The good news is, in many situations, even if your ancestor lost their citizenship, you can still reclaim it. This path often requires less demanding language proficiency tests or extensive residency periods compared to naturalization. It's truly advantageous to have that family connection. So, if you suspect you might have Romanian roots, it's worth exploring! Thorough document gathering is a key step, because you need to provide sufficient evidence that proves that your ancestors held Romanian citizenship. This might involve obtaining old birth or marriage certificates, or even going through the archives to confirm citizenship records. This documentation is crucial to a successful application. You are essentially building a legal case to support your claim. This is where you bring the proof of connection.

Citizenship by Naturalization: The Residency Route

If you don't have Romanian ancestors, you can still apply for citizenship through naturalization. This pathway is designed for individuals who have lived in Romania for a specific period and meet certain criteria. The primary requirement is that you must have legally resided in Romania for at least eight years (although this can be reduced to six years under certain circumstances). Additionally, you need to demonstrate that you are integrated into Romanian society, which usually means passing a Romanian language and culture test. You will need to show that you are familiar with Romanian culture, history, and the Romanian constitution. Other essential criteria include having a clean criminal record and providing proof of financial stability. You will be required to show that you have a stable source of income. This is very important. To prepare for the language test, you should invest time in learning Romanian. There are many online resources, language schools, and tutors available to help you. Focus on the basics, such as reading, writing, and conversational skills. Obtaining Romanian citizenship through naturalization involves a more extended process compared to citizenship by descent because it requires a period of residency and integration into the Romanian society. The process is a combination of fulfilling legal requirements and demonstrating your commitment to integrating into Romanian society.

For naturalization, maintaining a legal residence status in Romania is crucial. This means having the correct visas and permits throughout your residency. You will need to collect the appropriate documents like a valid passport, a long-term residency permit, proof of address, and other documents that prove you have a stable financial standing. Gathering and preparing all these documents is a crucial initial step. You are building the foundation of your case, and these documents provide evidence that supports your eligibility. Make sure to keep copies of all your documents. You'll likely need them as you proceed through the Romanian citizenship application.

Required Documents for Romanian Citizenship

Alright, folks, now we are getting down to the nitty-gritty. Whether you're applying through descent or naturalization, you'll need to gather a mountain of documents. It can feel like a lot, but trust me; it is manageable if you tackle it systematically. The exact documents can vary depending on your specific situation, but here's a general overview of what you'll need. Always check the latest requirements on the Romanian Ministry of Justice website or with the Romanian embassy or consulate in your country.

General Documents (For Both Paths)

Birth Certificate: Your birth certificate is a must-have. It serves as fundamental proof of your identity. Make sure you get an official copy. If your birth certificate is not in Romanian, you'll need a certified translation. Always keep the original in a safe place, and make copies for your application.
Passport: A valid passport is essential. This is your primary travel document and will verify your identity. Make sure it's valid for at least six months beyond the date you anticipate applying.
Criminal Record Certificate: A clean criminal record is crucial. You'll need to obtain this certificate from the relevant authorities in your country of residence and any other countries where you've lived for more than six months. Remember that this document is often required to be no older than six months when you submit your application.
Proof of Address: You'll need to provide proof of your current address, such as a utility bill, a lease agreement, or a bank statement. The address you provide must match the one listed on your residency permit (if applicable). This will confirm that you live where you say you live.
Photos: You'll need passport-sized photos that meet the Romanian government's requirements. Make sure to get these photos from a professional photography studio to ensure they comply with specifications.

Additional Documents for Citizenship by Descent

Romanian Ancestor's Birth Certificate: This is the most crucial document if you're going the descent route. You must provide the birth certificate of your Romanian ancestor. This document is the cornerstone of your application. Try to locate the original certificate, or order a certified copy from the relevant authorities. If you're lucky, you may already have this document. If not, it can be a little tricky to obtain, but it's completely doable! In some cases, you may also need to provide the birth certificate of the ancestor's parents, to trace the lineage back to Romania.
Romanian Ancestor's Marriage Certificate (if applicable): If your Romanian ancestor was married, you'll need to provide their marriage certificate. This will help to confirm their legal relationships.
Documentation Proving Romanian Citizenship of Ancestor: Any documents proving your ancestor's citizenship, such as their Romanian ID card, passport, or military record, are vital. These help validate their status as a Romanian citizen.
Chain of Birth Certificates: You will likely need to provide birth certificates for all the generations in between you and your Romanian ancestor. This documentation creates a continuous link from your ancestor to you. These documents prove your direct lineage.

Additional Documents for Citizenship by Naturalization

Proof of Residency: You'll need to provide evidence that you have legally resided in Romania for the required period. This includes your residency permit, lease agreements, and other documents demonstrating that you have been living in Romania.
Romanian Language Proficiency Certificate: You'll need to prove your ability to speak Romanian. This often involves passing a language test. If you're serious about this, invest in some language lessons. Practice makes perfect, and good language skills will make your transition much smoother.
Proof of Financial Means: You'll need to provide evidence that you have sufficient financial resources to support yourself. This can be bank statements, employment contracts, or other documents demonstrating your ability to be financially self-sufficient.

The Application Process for Romanian Citizenship

Okay, so you've gathered all your documents. Now, it's time to submit your application. The application process is generally similar for both citizenship by descent and naturalization, although some specifics may differ.

Step 1: Document Preparation and Authentication

Before you submit your application, you must make sure all your documents are in order and properly authenticated. This is a very important step. Here's a brief breakdown:

Translations: Any documents not in Romanian must be officially translated by an authorized translator. It's often helpful to use translators that are certified by the Romanian Ministry of Justice. Translations must be accurate and must match the original documents. Each translated document will need to be certified.
Apostille/Legalization: Most foreign documents will need to be apostilled or legalized to be accepted by the Romanian authorities. If your country is a member of the Hague Apostille Convention, you'll likely need an apostille. Otherwise, you'll need to get your documents legalized through the Romanian embassy or consulate. The apostille is a stamp that verifies the authenticity of a document. It is usually issued by the relevant authorities in the country where the document was issued.
Notarization: Some documents may need to be notarized. This usually involves having a notary public witness your signature and verify the document's authenticity. If you do not understand these procedures, consult with a lawyer or specialist.

Step 2: Submitting Your Application

Where to Apply: You'll typically submit your application to the National Authority for Citizenship (ANC) in Bucharest or at the relevant Romanian embassy or consulate in your country of residence.
Application Form: Complete the official application form accurately and truthfully. Be sure to fill out all sections and provide all the required information. Double-check all the information you provide to prevent errors.
Submission: Submit all the documents in the order requested by the ANC or the embassy. Make sure you submit all the documents required; incomplete applications can get delayed or rejected.
Receipt: You will receive a receipt confirming that your application has been received. This receipt is an important document, so keep it safe.

Step 3: Processing and Interview

Processing Time: The processing time can vary but is often several months or even years. Be patient. The authorities will review your application and conduct background checks.
Interview: You may be required to attend an interview with the ANC. The purpose of the interview is to verify the information in your application and to assess your understanding of Romanian culture and society (for naturalization applicants).
Notifications: Stay in contact with the relevant authorities. If they need any further information, provide it as quickly as possible.

Step 4: Oath of Allegiance and Citizenship Certificate

Approval: If your application is approved, you'll receive a notification. Congrats! You are getting closer.
Oath: You'll be invited to take an oath of allegiance to Romania. The oath is a formal declaration of your commitment to Romania.
Citizenship Certificate: After taking the oath, you'll receive your certificate of citizenship. This is the official document confirming your Romanian citizenship.

Tips for a Successful Romanian Citizenship Application

Start Early

The entire process takes time, so start as early as possible. Don't procrastinate on gathering the required documents and submitting your application. This can give you the best chance of success.

Be Organized

Keep all your documents organized in a folder or binder. Create a checklist to track which documents you've already gathered and which ones you still need. This will help prevent any potential confusion or oversight.

Get Professional Help

Consider consulting with a lawyer specializing in Romanian citizenship. They can guide you through the process, review your documents, and assist with any issues. Professional guidance can be a good idea. This can be especially helpful if you are dealing with complex family history or legal issues.

Accuracy Is Key

Make sure all the information you provide is accurate and truthful. Any inconsistencies or false information can lead to your application being denied.

Stay Informed

Keep up to date with the latest requirements and regulations. The rules and procedures can change, so stay informed. Visit the website of the Romanian Ministry of Justice regularly for updates and information. Also, sign up for alerts from the Romanian embassy or consulate in your home country.

Patience is a Virtue

The application process can take a while. Be patient and persistent. You should be prepared for delays. Keep in contact with the authorities and make sure you respond to any requests for information promptly.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How long does it take to get Romanian citizenship?

The processing time can vary, but generally, it takes several months to a few years. It depends on several factors, including the type of application, the completeness of your documents, and the workload of the authorities.

What if I don't speak Romanian?

If you're applying through naturalization, you'll need to demonstrate proficiency in Romanian by passing a language test. For citizenship by descent, while not always required, some level of Romanian language proficiency will be helpful.

Can I have dual citizenship?

Yes, Romania generally allows dual citizenship. This means you can maintain your original citizenship while becoming a Romanian citizen.

What if my application is denied?

If your application is denied, you'll receive a formal decision explaining the reasons. You may have the right to appeal the decision. Consider seeking legal advice to explore your options.

Where can I find the application forms?

Application forms are typically available on the website of the National Authority for Citizenship (ANC) or at the Romanian embassy or consulate in your country.

Conclusion

Guys, obtaining Romanian citizenship is a significant undertaking, but it is achievable. By following this guide, gathering all the required documents, and understanding the process, you'll greatly improve your chances of success. Just remember to stay organized, patient, and persistent. Good luck! With diligent effort, you will succeed. Getting Romanian citizenship will open up amazing opportunities. Enjoy your journey to becoming a Romanian citizen!